Dealing with complex and changing customs regulations is unescapable to those involved in global trade. When it comes to shipping goods to the U.S., a critical component of the regulatory framework is the Importer Security Filing (ISF), also known as “10+2.”
If you’re importing by ocean freight to the U.S., understanding ISF requirements is crucial for keeping your cargo moving and your business compliant. Let’s break it down.
The ISF is a requirement enforced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to ensure that detailed cargo information is submitted before goods are loaded onto vessels heading to the U.S. It applies only to ocean freight and was created to improve cargo security by identifying high-risk shipments in advance. Since its implementation in 2009, ISF has been a non-negotiable part of global trade for businesses importing goods by sea.
At its core, the ISF filing is a risk management measure. By requiring the importer of record to submit detailed information, such as the names and addresses of sellers and buyers, CBP can better protect supply chains.
The nickname “10+2” refers to the two sets of data required for the Importer Security Filing (ISF) process, as mandated by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
ISF doesn’t determine whether your cargo is allowed into the U.S. or impact trade enforcement directly. However, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) uses the data to assess potential risks by cross-checking it with your customs entry.
Complying with ISF regulations directly impacts your ability to import efficiently and without costly disruptions. Missing deadlines, submitting inaccurate data, or failing to file altogether can result in severe financial penalties, cargo delays, and potential damage to business operations.
For high-volume importers, the stakes are even higher. Larger shipments mean more data, tighter timelines, and a greater need to ensure accuracy across your supply chain. Without the right systems and processes in place, the risk of errors multiplies, leading to challenges that can snowball quickly.
To comply with ISF, the importer of record must submit ten key data elements electronically to CBP at least 24 hours before cargo is loaded at the port of origin. These details include:
Seller
Buyer
Importer of Record Number
(or FTZ applicant ID)
Consignee Numbers
Manufacturer (or Supplier)
Ship-to Party
Container Stuffing Location
Commodity HTS (Harmonized Tariff Schedule) Number
Container Stuffing Location
Consolidator (Stuffer)
Vessel Stow Plan:
Details about how cargo is arranged on the vessel.
Container Status Messages (CSMs):
Updates on the status of containers as they move through the supply chain.
These must be submitted no later than 24 hours before the vessel arrives at a U.S. port.
The ISF filing itself is done electronically at the lowest bill of lading level, such as a house or regular bill, through the Automated Manifest System (AMS). Filing must occur at least 24 hours before the vessel departs its port of origin.
ISF filings are required at least 24 hours before your cargo departs the port of origin. To stay on the safe side, aim for 72 hours or even earlier whenever possible. The sooner you file, the better your chances of avoiding last-minute issues.
A customs bond is mandatory for ISF filings and can be either continuous or single-entry. A continuous bond is often recommended, as it covers both the ISF and the customs entry. In contrast, a single-entry bond requires an additional ISF bond for compliance.
If you’re importing bulk cargo, like grain or coal, ISF filing requirements do not apply.
Once the filing is submitted, CBP sends an acceptance or rejection message. However, incomplete filings may still be accepted without clear notification of missing data, increasing the risk of compliance issues.
While this might sound straightforward, gathering this information from multiple parties—like suppliers and freight forwarders—can be complex, especially when dealing with a multitude of international partners. Working with purpose-built ocean freight management software solutions can help ensure accuracy and timeliness of ISF filing.
Responsibility for ISF compliance falls on the importer, even if third parties like customs brokers or freight forwarders handle the submission. This makes it essential for importers to have clear communication and coordination across the supply chain. Accurate and timely data submission is not just a requirement; it’s a shared task that demands collaboration.
Failing to meet ISF requirements can lead to significant consequences:
Penalties
CBP imposes fines of up to $5,000 for every violation, whether it’s a late, incomplete, or inaccurate filing.
Do Not Load Orders
CBP issuing a “Do Not Load” order to ocean carriers, preventing your cargo from being loaded at origin.
Delays and Inspections
Non-compliance can trigger cargo holds, additional inspections, and logistical delays that disrupt your supply chain.
Reputational Risk
Persistent violations may lead to scrutiny from CBP, impacting your ability to operate smoothly in the future.
For businesses importing goods on tight schedules or working with perishable items, these consequences can be particularly costly.
While ISF 10 applies to US-bound cargo requiring 10 data elements, ISF 5 is a simplified filing for shipments that only transit through US ports (FROB – Freight Remaining On Board). It requires just 5 elements: booking party, carrier, vessel stow plan, container status, and ship’s itinerary. Both share the 24-hour advance filing requirement but serve different purposes – ISF 10 for imports, ISF 5 for transit cargo.
Preparing for ISF compliance starts with understanding the process and building strong internal practices. Here’s what importers can do to stay ahead:
Organize Your Data
Ensure you have systems in place to collect and store the required information well in advance of shipment.
Coordinate with Partners
Work closely with suppliers, freight forwarders, and customs brokers to ensure data is accurate and deadlines are met.
Train Your Team
Educate staff on ISF requirements and make compliance a priority across your organization.
Monitor Changes
Stay informed about updates to ISF regulations to ensure your processes remain compliant.
Preparation isn’t just about meeting deadlines—it’s about creating a process that ensures reliability and reduces risk.
For importers looking to reduce the effort and uncertainty of ISF compliance, Cargoo provides a purpose-built solution that streamlines the entire process. By leveraging existing shipment data and automating key steps, Cargoo eliminates redundant data entry and manual coordination between parties. The solution connects exporters, importers, and customs brokers in a secure environment where shipping information flows directly into ISF documentation, while built-in validation helps ensure accuracy and completeness.
ISF compliance doesn’t have to feel overwhelming. With Cargoo’s structured approach to data management and status tracking, importers can handle this requirement efficiently, maintain compliance, and focus on strategic operations.
Contact us to learn how Cargoo can help streamline your US-bound import operations while reducing risk and manual effort.
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